This reprint aims to offer readers new insights on the development of Brillouin scattering spectroscopy in materials sciences since its discovery in 1922. As the potential and valuable applications of Brillouin scattering spectroscopy, the studies on elastic anomalies of structural phase transitions in ferroelectric materials, the spin waves of magnetic materials, and the characterization of elastic constants in three-dimensional devices have been discussed by leading experts. This reprint will be highly valuable to graduate students, researchers, and development scientists in materials science.