The Enlightenment conception of education among Serbs began to develop in the 18th century. The Enlightenment conception of education was created and developed as an integral part of the humanist-enlightenment movement. Its basic source is the philosophical and sociological ideas of many European educators and advanced European thought. Such a conception was not original, but it represented epochal progress for Serbian pedagogy, school and education. A large number of Serbian educators tried to create a new concept of education. They believed in the unlimited power of education and believed that only it could change society. A special contribution to the constitution of the new concept of education was made by the first Serbian educator and teacher Saint Sava, as well as other educators such as Teodor Jankovic Mirijevski, Dositej Obradovic, Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic, Svetozar Markovic, Vasa Pelagic, Đorđe Natosevic and Vojislav Bakic. In this book, the author presents the basic pedagogical ideas of the aforementioned educators and pedagogues, their views on teaching, learning and education, determining the goal of education, as well as their views on the new school.