This book critically examines the development of the post-authoritarian Indonesian National Armed Forces' (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) military modernisation agenda and its impact towards civil-military relations. It offers an original analysis on various and interrelated subjects related to Indonesia's defence development, i.e., arms build-up, organisational development, conduct of military operations other than war, defence diplomacy, and defence economy. These analyses offer a better understanding on the role played by the Indonesian military in undertaking a modernisation agenda and sustaining its political influence over the non-defence sphere simultaneously. Each chapter contributor aims to examine the most recent development pertaining to their topic and the influence of civil-military dynamics on their subject matter. The book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, and experts on Southeast Asian politics, defence studies, security studies, and civil-military relations.