This book presents a thorough investigation into the pressing issues stemming from abnormal changes in the marine environments of the Azov-Black Sea basins, influenced by climatic fluctuations and human endeavors. It compiles pivotal studies from renowned experts and emerging young scientists dedicated to the challenges of monitoring, managing, and preserving the coastal zones of the Sea of Azov, Kerch Strait, and the adjacent areas of the Black Sea. These contributions span a vast array of subjects, including but not limited to, satellite surveillance of coastal attributes, dynamics of shorelines, analysis of ocean currents through acoustic Doppler profiling, carbon dioxide flows, sources of methane on the continental shelf, evaluations of climate alterations in maritime regions, and the quantification of microplastic contaminants in marine surfaces. With a significant focus on the advancement and application of cutting-edge information technologies, artificial intelligence, and mathematical modeling, this book offers an in-depth exploration of hydrophysical phenomena, hydrodynamics, coastal processes, and issues related to water pollution.