Manning Marable (1950-2011) was M. Moran Weston/Black Alumni Council Professor of African-American Studies, and Professor of Public Affairs, History and Political Science at Columbia University in New York City. Marable wroted, edited or contributed to several books, including "How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America" (1983), "Black American Politics" (1985), "Black Leadership" (1998), "The Great Wells of Democracy" (2002), "Living Black History" (2006), and "Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention" (2011).