By placing its professional expertise in the service of maintaining the democratic values of free expression and pluralism, American librarianship not only defended its professional autonomy in the area of book selection, but also developed an ideology of intellectual freedom and claimed its defense as a central jurisdiction. Through extensive use of primary source material, this volume charts the library profession's journey from the adoption of the 1939 Library's Bill of Rights to the 1969 development of the Freedom to Read Foundation. The book argues that the ALA was reluctant to fund support for intellectual freedom, and that the ALA's executive board was extremely cautious and seldom took leadership in intellectual freedom matters.