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Book Cover for: Free Radicals: How a Group of Romantic Experimenters Gave Birth to Psychedelic Science, Mike Jay

Free Radicals: How a Group of Romantic Experimenters Gave Birth to Psychedelic Science

Mike Jay

The stranger-than-fiction story of the Enlightenment visionaries who discovered the unexpected effects of inhaling nitrous oxide

At the Pneumatic Institution in Bristol, England, founded in the closing years of the eighteenth century, dramatic experiments with gases precipitated not only a revolution in scientific medicine but also in the history of ideas. Guided by the energy of maverick doctor Thomas Beddoes, the institution was both laboratory and hospital--the first example of a modern medical research institution. But when its members discovered the mind-altering properties of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas, their experiments devolved into a pioneering exploration of consciousness with far-reaching and unforeseen effects.

This riveting book is the first to tell the story of Dr. Beddoes and the brilliant circle who surrounded him: Erasmus Darwin, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey, who supported his ideas; James Watt, who designed and built his laboratory; Thomas Wedgwood, who funded it; and the dazzling young chemistry assistant, Humphry Davy, who identified nitrous oxide and tested it on himself, with spectacular results. Medical historian Mike Jay charts the chaotic rise and fall of the institution in this fast-paced account, and reveals its crucial influence--on modern drug culture, attitudes toward objective and subjective knowledge, the development of anesthetic surgery, and the birth of the Romantic movement

Book Details

  • Publisher: Yale University Press
  • Publish Date: Aug 5th, 2025
  • Pages: 408
  • Language: English
  • Edition: undefined - undefined
  • Dimensions: 0.00in - 0.00in - 0.00in - 0.00lb
  • EAN: 9780300282610
  • Categories: HistoryModern - 19th CenturyScience & Technology

About the Author

Mike Jay has written extensively on scientific and medical history and contributes regularly to the London Review of Books and the Wall Street Journal. His previous books on the history of drugs include High Society, Mescaline and Psychonauts.

Praise for this book

"Fascinating, exciting, entertaining. . . . Jay's description of the wild highs induced by nitrous oxide is a tour de force, and so is his account of the bad trips, and the no-trips, it soon also turned out to deliver. . . . [A] superb book, learned and full of insight. . . . I can hardly think of a bad word to say against it."--John Barrell, London Review of Books

"Jay wonderfully restores Beddoes's reputation as a courageous and painstaking scientist, physician, revolutionary firebrand and social reformer--truly, one of the giants of rational thought."--Jay Rath, Fortean Times

"Brilliantly researched. . . . Fans of scientific biography and history of science, as well as history buffs in general, will be engrossed by Jay's marvelous study of an unusual man and the political and intellectual ferment of his time."--Publishers Weekly

Praise for Mike Jay's The Air Loom Gang:

"A wonderful book to read. . . . Beautifully written, with all the drama, the rich characterization, the subtlety, of a fine novel."--Oliver Sacks

"The pursuit of science in the evolution of culture does not get much more hair-raising than this. Mike Jay . . . has an uncanny ability to bring everything together through Dr Thomas Beddoes' experimental gases: hopes for the elimination of all disease, the politics of scientific research, the perpetual threat of political invasion, all in the tense period at the turn of the nineteenth century. This is history written as it should be."--George Rousseau, Oxford University, author, with Roy Porter, of Gout: The Patrician Malady

"Enthralling. This is exactly the kind of cross-cultural biography we need. Lively and sympathetic, it restores the renegade Dr Thomas Beddoes to his rightful place in scientific history, but also to his revolutionary circle of literary friends."--Richard Holmes

"Mike Jay's wonderfully sympathetic account is written vividly and with narrative flair. Bringing together medicine, chemistry, and politics, it is a compelling read."--Trevor Levere