Toby Dodge is at the Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation at the University of Warwick. He is working on the transformation of the Middle East and wider developing world under globalisation. Steven Simon is Assistant Director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies and Carol Deane Senior Fellow in American Security Studies. Before joining IISS in November 1999, he served on the National Security Council staff at the White House for five years, where he worked on Persian Gulf security strategy, peacekeeping operations, and counter-terrorism. Prior to his White House assignment, he held a succession of posts at the Department of State, including Director for Political-Military Plans and Policy, Co-director of the Desert Shield/Desert Storm Task Force and acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Regional Security Affairs.