This describes Indian banking well. Competition, mergers, IT, new products, markets, and rules change banking. Changes in interest rates, currency rates, commodity prices, lenders, borrowers, and government self-interest necessitate financial innovation to handle current and emerging challenges. Our financial sector, which underpins the economy, has struggled to adapt to developments. One explanation for this is banks' NPAs. A bank loan or advance is "non-performing" after 180 days of late interest or principal payments. Advances that don't generate revenue and won't be repaid impair banks' ability to act as middlemen, one of their main functions (mobilising savings and providing finance for investments). A strong economy requires a healthy banking system.