""The Direct Action of Environment and Evolution"" is a book written by Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin, a Russian anarchist, in 1920. The book explores the relationship between environment and evolution, arguing that the environment plays a significant role in shaping the evolution of organisms. Kropotkin draws on his extensive knowledge of biology, ecology, and anthropology to present a compelling case for the importance of environmental factors in the development of species. He also discusses the role of mutual aid and cooperation in evolution, challenging the prevailing view of the time that evolution is driven solely by competition and survival of the fittest. This book is a seminal work in the field of evolutionary biology and continues to be studied and discussed by scholars today.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.