Non-linear effects in rheology are covered next, including fundamental treatment of non-Newtonian viscosity, elasticity of liquids, nonlinear viscoelasticity, and structural and temporary effects. Topics that are essential for commercial applications of many products such as thixotropy, other principles of structure formation, phase transitions, and system heterogeneities are also discussed. Subsequent chapters concentrate on applications of rheology to polymeric and dispersed systems, including discussion of the effects of molecular weight, concentration, temperature, elasticity, as well as instabilities, viscoelasticity, uniaxial extension, stress, rheokinetics, and structural transitions.