The analysis reveals that speakers make use of two contrasting modes for structuring their discourses, both of which are needed for successful communication: one is sentence grammar, which has a propositional format and analytic organization; the other is interactive grammar, which has a holophrastic organization and a focus on social communication. While the argument structure of sentence grammar is shaped by the propositional format of sentences, that of interactive grammar is shaped by the indexical nature of the situation of discourse. This distinction shows interesting correlations both with findings from neurolinguistic studies on differential activity in the two hemispheres of the human brain, and with observations from social psychology on the differences between systems of reasoning and judgment.
Bernd Heine is Emeritus Professor at University of Cologne, and has held visiting professorships at universities across the world, including Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, La Trobe University, the University of Cape Town, Dartmouth College, and Universidade Federal Fluminense. His main research areas are currently grammaticalization theory, endangered languages in Africa, and discourse grammar. His many publications with OUP include The Changing Languages of Europe (2006) and The Genesis of Grammar: A Reconstruction (2007), both with Tania Kuteva, and Grammaticalization (with Heiko Narrog, 2021). He is also the editor, with Heiko Narrog, of The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Analysis (2010; second edition 2015), The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization (2010), and Grammaticalization from a Typological Perspective (2018).