Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) was a French novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. Born in Rouen to a distinguished surgeon, Flaubert moved in 1841 to study law in Paris, where he first became involved with the city's literary scene. Flaubert"s use of psychological realism in his masterpieces,
Madame Bovary and
L'Éducation sentimentale, earned him a reputation as one of the most influential novelists of the nineteenth century.
Francis Steegmuller (1906-1994) was the author of many works about French culture and its great literary figures, as well as a translator of Gustave Flaubert's letters. He won the National Book Award for his biography of Jean Cocteau, and he was a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor.