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A prominent historian exposes the dark side of making war more humane
In the years since 9/11, we have entered an age of endless war, with the United States exercising dominion everywhere. In Humane, Samuel Moyn asks a troubling but urgent question: What if efforts to make war more ethical--to ban torture and limit civilian casualties--have only shored up the military enterprise and made it sturdier? To advance this case, Moyn looks back at a century and a half of passionate arguments about the ethics and law of using force. In the nineteenth century, the founders of the Red Cross struggled mightily to make war less lethal even as they acknowledged its inevitability. Leo Tolstoy prominently opposed their efforts, reasoning that war needed to be abolished, not reformed--and over the subsequent century, a popular movement to abolish war flourished on both sides of the Atlantic. Eventually, however, reformers shifted their attention from opposing the crime of war to opposing war crimes. In the post-9/11 era, the U.S. military embraced the agenda of humane war, driven by both the availability of precision weaponry and the need to protect its image. The battle moved from the streets to the courtroom, where the tactics of the war on terror were litigated but the war's foundational assumptions went without serious challenge. These trends have only accelerated since. Even as the Obama and Trump administrations spoke of American power and morality in radically different tones, they ushered in the second decade of the "forever" war. Humane is the story of how America went off to fight and never came back, and how armed combat was transformed from an imperfect tool for resolving disputes into an integral component of the modern condition. As American wars become more protracted, they are also becoming more humane. This provocative book argues that this development might not represent progress at all."[A] brilliant new book . . . Moyn casts new light on much of the surrounding historical landscape . . . Humane provides a powerful intellectual history of the American way of war. It is a bold departure from decades of historiography dominated by interventionist bromides . . . [Moyn's] most original and incisive contribution to historical understanding is taking seriously the possibility of peace." --Jackson Lears, The New York Review of Books
"[Moyn] takes the reader on an excruciating journey, in incisive, meticulous and elegant prose, about the modern history of making war more legal, and in effect sanitizing it so that it can continue forever . . . [He] puts the whole issue in a tough, pragmatic perspective . . . The yearning to avoid war and yet make it more humane will . . . continue, rendering Moyn's book timeless." --Robert D. Kaplan, The New York Times Book Review "Smart and provocative . . . Arriving 20 years after 9/11, as the United States has withdrawn its troops from Afghanistan, Humane encourages readers to ask central questions too often lost amid the chatter of the foreign policy establishment." --Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times "Compelling and authoritative . . . Sweeping . . . The narrative is gripping and panoramic." --Rayan Fakhoury, Los Angeles Review of Books "Moyn offers a sorely needed history of how war has become palatable . . . The brilliance of Moyn's [book] is in how [it] wrest[s] control of the dominant narratives that have gripped the public imagination in the post-9/11 years, and in particular, the country after Trump." --Rozina Ali, American Prospect "Moyn makes a deceptively simple and yet startlingly original argument . . . The contribution is ground-breaking and will likely become a seminal text-because of its content but also because it captures a generational moment." --Aurélie Basha i Novosejt, International Affairs "An important book . . . [Humane] points out that Americans have made a moral choice to prioritize humane war, not a peaceful globe." --Dennis C. Jett, The Washington Post "[Humane] is an important extension of themes [Moyn] has been developing since his critical account of 'human rights' in 2010's The Last Utopia . . . One of Moyn's greatest gifts as a scholar and a writer is his capacity to combine a carefully crafted historical narrative with both an analysis of political and legal discourse and a righteous anger at the abuses this discourse enables." --Jeanne Morefield, Jacobin "Beyond being a meditation on the meaning of war, it is a history of the tension between pacifism and humanitarianism. In a culture that has come to valorize the latter, Moyn gives the former its due and pushes readers to think about how law can aid the cause of peace . . . Humane succeeds as a bracing reminder not to grow comfortable with war as a status quo." --Stephen Pomper, Foreign Affairs "[A] learned and provocative book . . . The biggest value of Moyn's book is the ethical questions he raises. Since war today has become so much less bloody, and involves so many fewer Americans, what is to stop it from becoming perpetual?" --Edward Luce, Financial Times "In this profound and deeply disturbing book, Samuel Moyn shows how efforts to curb war's brutality--to make it more humane--find the United States today caught in a bind where war has become perpetual. As technology further dehumanizes war's conduct, this bind will become increasingly difficult to escape." --Andrew Bacevich, president of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft "Humane is a deeply original, powerfully argued, mind-changing book. I predict it will become an activist Bible for Gen Z, in the same way that Michael Walzer's Just and Unjust Wars guided an earlier generation of anti-war thinkers and protesters." --Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New America